今天，我遇到了问题- “错误：提交事务失败（文件冲突）” 当我试图在我的 Arch Linux 桌面上安装一个包时。 当我尝试安装任何具有 Python 依赖项的软件包时，它一直抛出错误。 这是我尝试安装或更新任何软件包时的示例输出。
error: failed to commit transaction (conflicting files) python-requests: /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/__init__.py exists in filesystem python-requests: /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-36.pyc exists in filesystem python-requests: /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/__pycache__/_internal_utils.cpython-36.pyc exists in filesystem python-requests: /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/__pycache__/adapters.cpython-36.pyc exists in filesystem python-requests: /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/__pycache__/api.cpython-36.pyc exists in filesystem python-requests: /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/__pycache__/auth.cpython-36.pyc exists in filesystem python-requests: /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/__pycache__/certs.cpython-36.pyc exists in filesystem python-requests: /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/__pycache__/compat.cpython-36.pyc exists in filesystem python-requests: /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/__pycache__/cookies.cpython-36.pyc exists in filesystem python-requests: /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/__pycache__/exceptions.cpython-36.pyc exists in filesystem python-requests: /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/__pycache__/hooks.cpython-36.pyc exists in filesystem python-requests: /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/__pycache__/models.cpython-36.pyc exists in filesystem python-requests: /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/__pycache__/sessions.cpython-36.pyc exists in filesystem python-requests: /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/__pycache__/status_codes.cpython-36.pyc exists in filesystem python-requests: /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/__pycache__/structures.cpython-36.pyc exists in filesystem python-requests: /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/__pycache__/utils.cpython-36.pyc exists in filesystem python-requests: /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/_internal_utils.py exists in filesystem python-requests: /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/adapters.py exists in filesystem python-requests: /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/api.py exists in filesystem python-requests: /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/auth.py exists in filesystem python-requests: /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/certs.py exists in filesystem python-requests: /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/compat.py exists in filesystem python-requests: /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/cookies.py exists in filesystem python-requests: /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/exceptions.py exists in filesystem python-requests: /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/hooks.py exists in filesystem python-requests: /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/models.py exists in filesystem python-requests: /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/packages/__init__.py exists in filesystem python-requests: /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/packages/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-36.pyc exists in filesystem python-requests: /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/packages/idna/__init__.py exists in filesystem python-requests: /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/packages/idna/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-36.pyc exists in filesystem python-requests: /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/packages/idna/__pycache__/codec.cpython-36.pyc exists in filesystem python-requests: /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/packages/idna/__pycache__/compat.cpython-36.pyc exists in filesystem python-requests: /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/packages/idna/__pycache__/core.cpython-36.pyc exists in filesystem python-requests: /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/packages/idna/__pycache__/idnadata.cpython-36.pyc exists in filesystem python-requests: /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/packages/idna/__pycache__/intranges.cpython-36.pyc exists in filesystem python-requests: /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/packages/idna/__pycache__/uts46data.cpython-36.pyc exists in filesystem python-requests: /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/packages/idna/codec.py exists in filesystem python-requests: /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/packages/idna/compat.py exists in filesystem python-requests: /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/packages/idna/core.py exists in filesystem python-requests: /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/packages/idna/idnadata.py exists in filesystem python-requests: /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/packages/idna/intranges.py exists in filesystem python-requests: /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/packages/idna/uts46data.py exists in filesystem python-requests: /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/sessions.py exists in filesystem python-requests: /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/status_codes.py exists in filesystem python-requests: /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/structures.py exists in filesystem python-requests: /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/utils.py exists in filesystem Errors occurred, no packages were upgraded.
在 Arch Linux wiki 页面上搜索了一下，我发现原因可能是 – “pacman 检测到文件冲突，它不会为你覆盖文件”. 当您的 Arch Linux 系统可能在 pacman 操作期间或之后不干净地关闭时，可能会发生这种错误。 这给你留下了一个损坏的 pacman 数据库和空文件。
在 Arch Linux 中删除不属于任何软件包的冲突文件
修复此错误的解决方案是强制 pacman 使用命令覆盖那些冲突的文件：
$ sudo pacman -S --force <package-name>
如果它没有帮助，您需要查找这些文件是否不属于任何包，然后您应该删除或重命名它们。
要查找文件是否属于任何包，如下所示。 就我而言，我运行了以下命令：
$ sudo pacman -Qo /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/__init__.py
上面的命令将检查是否有任何包拥有 /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/__init__.py 或不。
样本输出：
error: No package owns /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/__init__.py
正如您在上面的示例中看到的，没有包拥有 __init__.py 文件。 我检查了上述输出中的所有文件。 它们都不属于任何软件包。 因此，如果您发现任何不属于任何包的文件，只需重命名或删除这些文件。 在删除它们之前，只需备份那些文件（即里面的所有文件 /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/ 目录），因此您可以在出现任何问题时恢复它们。
就我而言，我备份了 /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/ 文件夹。
$ cp -fr /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/. backup/
然后，我删除了上述输出中的所有文件。
$ sudo /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/__init__.py [...] $ sudo rm -fr /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/utils.py
这次我可以安装软件包而不会出现任何错误。
资源：
- https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Pacman#Troubleshooting
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Arch LinuxLinux包管理PacmanPacman 错误删除不属于任何包的冲突文件
